數控機床技術特點有哪些 核心提示(shi)：數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)在(zai)加工精度、自動(dong)(dong)化程度、生產(chan)效率、勞動(dong)(dong)強(qiang)度等諸方面都有(you)普通機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)無法(fa)比(bi)擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，但購買數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)大(da)型數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)費用很高，常使許(xu)多(duo)用戶望(wang)而(er)(er)(er)怯步(bu)，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)像我國這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)中(zhong)國家(jia)資(zi)金有(you)限，因而(er)(er)(er)，大(da)多(duo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)工廠想買而(er)(er)(er)又買不(bu)起(qi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)。如何用比(bi)較少的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入獲得數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)，就是(shi)(shi)一個值得探討的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。能不(bu)能不(bu)買數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)而(er)(er)(er)對原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)進行升級改造，使之變(bian)成數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)呢?回答是(shi)(shi)肯(ken)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。幾年來升級改造的(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗告(gao)訴我們，這是(shi)(shi)大(da)有(you)可為的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)僅(jin)實用性能良好、周期短，而(er)(er)(er)且可以節約(yue)大(da)量資(zi)金。被改造的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)越大(da)，所節約(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金也越多(duo)。      數控(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)在加工(gong)精度(du)、自動化程度(du)、生產效率、勞動強度(du)等諸方(fang)面都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)普通機床(chuang)(chuang)無法比擬的(de)(de)優(you)勢，但購(gou)買數控(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)特(te)(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)大(da)型(xing)數控(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)費用(yong)很高，常使許多(duo)用(yong)戶望而(er)(er)怯(qie)步，特(te)(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)像(xiang)我(wo)國這樣的(de)(de)發展中國家資(zi)金(jin)(jin)有(you)(you)(you)限，因而(er)(er)，大(da)多(duo)數機械工(gong)廠(chang)想買而(er)(er)又買不(bu)起(qi)數控(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)。如何用(yong)比較少(shao)的(de)(de)投入獲(huo)得(de)數控(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)，就是(shi)(shi)一個值(zhi)得(de)探討的(de)(de)問題。能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)不(bu)買數控(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)而(er)(er)對原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)機床(chuang)(chuang)進行(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)改造(zao)，使之變(bian)成數控(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)呢?回(hui)答是(shi)(shi)肯定的(de)(de)。幾年來升(sheng)級(ji)改造(zao)的(de)(de)經驗(yan)告訴(su)我(wo)們，這是(shi)(shi)大(da)有(you)(you)(you)可為的(de)(de)，不(bu)僅(jin)實(shi)用(yong)性能(neng)良好、周期短，而(er)(er)且可以節約大(da)量資(zi)金(jin)(jin)。被(bei)改造(zao)的(de)(de)機床(chuang)(chuang)越大(da)，所節約的(de)(de)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)也越多(duo)。     以下是我公司(si)進行的數(shu)控化再(zai)制(zhi)造實例：     對右刀架z軸(zhou)改造。用(yong)進口力(li)士樂(le)滾珠絲杠更換原梯形絲杠(63×10×3600 mm)去掉光杠驅(qu)動，增加伺(si)服電(dian)機驅(qu)動修刮z軸(zhou)導軌(gui)修刮z軸(zhou)壓板、鑲條。     對機床(chuang)電控(kong)(kong)系統設計制(zhi)造(zao)。選(xuan)用(yong)發那(nei)科0it數控(kong)(kong)系統選(xuan)用(yong)發那(nei)科交流(liu)數字式伺服電機選(xuan)用(yong)國(guo)產合資低壓電控(kong)(kong)元件(jian)設計開發機床(chuang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)邏輯圖。     最后對機(ji)床機(ji)電聯調。對機(ji)床x軸、z軸動(dong)作調試(shi)(shi)對機(ji)床幾(ji)何精(jing)(jing)度(du)調試(shi)(shi)對機(ji)床坐(zuo)標精(jing)(jing)度(du)調試(shi)(shi)，用雙(shuang)頻激光檢測(ce)各(ge)軸精(jing)(jing)度(du)。進(jin)行機(ji)床輔助(zhu)功能(neng)調試(shi)(shi)并對機(ji)床36小時連續空運轉。 改(gai)造(zao)后(hou)機(ji)(ji)床性(xing)能穩定、可靠,經(jing)一年(nian)多生產驗證,達到了改(gai)造(zao)要求(qiu)。100萬元的改(gai)造(zao)費用僅相當于購(gou)入數控機(ji)(ji)床的1/15，為用戶節約了大量資金。該機(ji)(ji)床為該廠生產水電設(she)備中(zhong)蝸(gua)殼出了大力(li)，創(chuang)造(zao)了幾千萬元的產值(zhi)。     數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)化升(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)需要注意的問題，什么樣的機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)適合數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)化升(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)再制造(zao)?經驗證明，立(li)臥式(shi)車床(chuang)(chuang)(特(te)別是(shi)大型(xing)立(li)臥式(shi)車床(chuang)(chuang))、龍門(men)(men)銑(xian)升(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)龍門(men)(men)銑(xian)、龍門(men)(men)刨升(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)龍門(men)(men)銑(xian)、臥式(shi)鏜(tang)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)升(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)臥式(shi)鏜(tang)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)、立(li)臥式(shi)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)升(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)的改(gai)造(zao)效果比較理想(xiang)。     數控(kong)升級改造必須首(shou)先對機(ji)床機(ji)械部分進(jin)行再設計再制造，使其達到(dao)數控(kong)化的(de)要求。只簡單地增加伺服(fu)電機(ji)和數控(kong)系統是達不到(dao)升級目的(de)的(de)，為此一般(ban)要做如下工(gong)作：     用(yong)滾珠絲杠更換(huan)原梯形(xing)絲杠，提高(gao)精(jing)度(du)，減(jian)少摩擦(ca)修磨刮(gua)研導(dao)軌(gui)并貼塑(su)或直(zhi)接采用(yong)直(zhi)線滾動(dong)導(dao)軌(gui)精(jing)化主軸系(xi)(xi)，提高(gao)主軸精(jing)度(du)設計(ji)自動(dong)冷卻排(pai)屑系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，提高(gao)機床自動(dong)化程度(du)必要時增加換(huan)刀機構——刀庫機械手(shou)設計(ji)制造(zao)自動(dong)潤滑系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。     改造(zao)中(zhong)要確定和選(xuan)(xuan)擇數控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和伺服系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。數控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的功能不(bu)是越多(duo)越好(hao)，功能多(duo)的系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)價格一(yi)般也更貴。要根據(ju)需要選(xuan)(xuan)擇國產(chan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)進(jin)口系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。當前國產(chan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)進(jin)口系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)尚(shang)有差距(ju)，對大型高精度設(she)備一(yi)般選(xuan)(xuan)進(jin)口系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)好(hao)。但近幾年國產(chan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)已有長足(zu)進(jin)步(bu)，對一(yi)般車床、銑床已能可靠使用。伺服電(dian)機首先選(xuan)(xuan)擇交流伺服電(dian)機。     對再制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)數控(kong)升級承包公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)選擇也非常重要。要選擇經過(guo)資質認(ren)證的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，當前(qian)再制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)行業還很(hen)不規范(fan)，同(tong)一(yi)臺機(ji)床改造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)不同(tong)的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)要價相差很(hen)大(da)，有時差別高達2-3倍勘(kan)查承包公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)已(yi)有業績(ji)要到承包公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)現(xian)場勘(kan)查，那些沒(mei)有固定場地，沒(mei)有穩定技(ji)術隊(dui)伍的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)是搞不了(le)再制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)。一(yi)個好的(de)再制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)企業，要有很(hen)強的(de)機(ji)電設計能(neng)力，要有一(yi)定的(de)加(jia)工制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)能(neng)力。